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Vol. 26, Art. 27 (pp. 655-692)    |    2025       

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Organization of specialized toxicological care in chemical incidents on railway transport

Kuzmich V.G., Vetryakov O.V., Pershin V.N., Yazenok A.V., Karimova A.M.

Military medical academy of S.M. Kirov

Brief summary

The aim of this study is to analyze materials outlining domestic and international experience in responding to the medical and sanitary consequences of chemical emergencies in rail transport. The methodology involves analyzing archival documents and publications by participants in the response to railway accidents involving trains carrying hazardous cargo, primarily chlorine. The main results of the study are a synthesis of disparate historical materials containing information on the research topic and their relevant interpretation, taking into account their relevance to military-field therapy. The experience of the Military Medical Academy personnel, gained in organizing interagency cooperation during the response to the medical and sanitary consequences of a major railway accident involving the formation of a chemical contamination zone at the site of the derailment of a train carrying petroleum products and liquefied chlorine, is also taken into account. Results: It has been established that, despite the low proportion of emergencies involving hazardous cargo in the structure of significant incidents in rail transport, they represent a serious challenge to the emergency medicine services of any country. It should be noted that chemically hazardous facilities, including transported hazardous goods, can be targets for terrorist attacks and their destruction using explosives significantly modifies typical chemical accident scenarios. Conclusion: it has been shown that an effective system for eliminating the medical consequences of chemical disasters requires the prompt organization of interagency cooperation and the provision of the necessary medical supplies to the deployed forces and assets in the accident area, taking into account the projected sanitary losses and the medical and tactical characteristics of the chemical contamination site.


Key words

rail transport, accident response, transportation of dangerous cargo, acute poisoning, chemical accident, chlorine, emergency.

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