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Vol. 21, Art. 61 (pp. 742-756)    |    2020       

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Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of mesenchymal stem cells in acute toxic liver damage in laboratory animals

Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology Federal State Unitary Enterprise, Federal Medical Biological Agency, G/P Kuzmolovsky, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Region, 188663, Russian Federation;
- North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015, Sankt-Petersburg, Russian Federation;
- Istitute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology Federal State Unitary Enterprise, Federal Medical Biological Agency, G/P Kuzmolovsky, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Region, 188663, Russian Federation.

Brief summary

In the structure of diseases associated with the effects of toxic factors on the human body, acute toxic hepatitis occupies one of the leading positions. Due to the imperfection of the basic therapy used in the treatment of liver diseases, a search is currently underway for new tools and methods to restore the structure and functions of the damaged liver, as well as the prevention of a possible chronicity of the pathological process. The use of methods of regenerative medicine is a promising direction for the treatment of many diseases, including those arising from exposure to toxic factors. This experimental study was aimed at assessing the influence of a culture of mesenchymal stem cells of embryonic origin on the dynamics of pathomorphological processes in the liver tissue of laboratory animals after induced acute toxic hepatitis. To simulate acute toxic hepatitis in rats, a series of experiments was carried out with the aim of finding the optimal hepatotoxic chemical compound. Tetrachloromethane was chosen as a chemical agent, intragastric administration of which at a dose of 1500 mg/kg to laboratory animals caused persistent pathomorphological signs of toxic liver damage. A mesenchymal stem cell culture for transplantation was obtained from mouse ESCs and met generally accepted phenotypic and genotypic criteria. Histological analysis showed that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells on the 3rd and 5th day of the study reduced the intensity of manifestations of necrotic, infiltrative and inflammatory processes in the liver tissue after exposure to carbon tetrachloride, on the 7th day reduced the dystrophic signs of damage to the liver parenchyma, compared with a positive control group. Thus, the use of mesenchymal stem cells having an embryonic origin as a cell transplant led to an acceleration of the recovery processes in the liver tissue, starting from the 3rd day and throughout the study.


Key words

acute toxic hepatitis, tetrachloromethane, transplantation, regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells.

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