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Vol. 25, Art. 2 (pp. 16-28)    |    2025       

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Fundamentals of regulation of system iron metabolism and its clinical significance

Lastochkina D.V., Romanenko N.A., Bessmeltsev S.S., Grishina G.V., Kasyanov A.D.

Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Brief summary

Introduction. In humans, iron is extremely important for erythropoiesis and many physiological functions including cellular respiration, electron transport and gene regulation. Objective. To update and systematize the available current data on the regulation of systemic iron metabolism. Materials and methods. The data of foreign and domestic literature revealing relevant information on systemic iron metabolism in the body were analyzed; PubMed, eLIBRARY sources were used. Results and Discussion. This article summarizes the key points of iron kinetics, iron metabolism processes regulated by hepcidin-ferroportin, IRE/IRP and other mechanisms. The main factors leading to iron deficiency are presented, including chronic hemorrhagic syndrome, inadequate dietary iron intake, low iron absorption in the digestive tract, and increased iron consumption. The article emphasizes a group of individuals at risk for latent iron deficiency, including pregnant women, children in the period of intensive growth, and blood donors who lose 450 ml of blood at each donation, equivalent to a loss of 200-250 mg of iron. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic literature data, a review of current information on the mechanisms of systemic iron homeostasis in the body and factors of its metabolism disturbance was carried out.


Key words

hemorrhagic syndrome, hepcidin, donor, iron, iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, ferritin, ferroportin, iron regulation.

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