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Vol. 23, Art. 51 (pp. 824-855)    |    2022       

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Нapten-carrier conjugates with haptens-analogues of psychoactive substances and toxicants: principles for designing and increasing immunogenicity

Kozlov V.K.1,2*, Bespalov A.Ya.1, Kashuro V.A.2,3,4, Batotsyrenova E.G. 2.3

1 Scientific and clinical center of toxicology named after academician S.N. Golikov FMBA of Russia;
2 St. Petersburg State University;
3 St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia;
4 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian State Pedagogical University. A.I. Herzen

Brief summary

The basic ideas about antigens are formulated, their types, qualities and properties, molecular ideas about immunochemical specificity and immunogenicity are described. The conditions under which low molecular weight xenobiotics in the composition of conjugated antigens acquire the properties to initiate an immune response with the formation of specific immunoglobulins and immunocytes are analyzed. The principles of construction of conjugated antigens with haptens of medicinal and toxic xenobiotics, which ensure their high immunogenicity, are considered in detail. Variants of optimal macromolecular carriers of hapten epitopes are presented, methods of chemical conjugation are considered in relation to the presence of reactive (functional) chemical groups in the target ligands.


Key words

conjugated antigens, antigenicity (immunogenicity), hapten determinants, immunochemical specificity, psychoactive substances and toxicants as haptens, macromolecular carriers, methods for constructing molecular vaccines, methods of chemical conjugati

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