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Vol. 24, Art. 99 (pp. 1494-1552)    |    2023       

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Perfluorocarbons in the treatment of severe bronchopulmonary pathology. Part II: Partial liquid ventilation (Analytical review)

Bonitenko E.U.,1,2,4 Barinov V.A.,2 Belyakova N.A.,2 Burov A.A.3

1Federal State Budgetary Science Institution «Scentific institute of occupational medicine named after academician N.F. Izmerova»
105275, Moskva, pr. Budennogo, 31
2Federal State Budgetary Institution «Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology named after academician S.N. Golikov of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency
192019, Sankt-Peterburg, str. Behtereva, 1
3Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov" of the Ministry of Health of Russia
117997, Moscow, st. Academician Oparin, 4
4Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Sevastopol State University»
299053. Sevastopol, Universitetskaya str, 33

Brief summary

At present, the main method intended both for the prevention of atelectasis and the straightening of already collapsed areas is the maintenance of the alveoli gas volume during mechanical ventilation by creating positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). However, the experience of practical use of PEEP shows that this method cannot always guarantee a favorable outcome in the severe course of the disease. In this regard, specialists have been and are actively searching for new methods that can either increase the efficiency or replace the gas-PEEP. One of these methods is partial liquid ventilation (PLV). Experimental studies in the animals conducted in the early 1990s had clearly encouraging results and showed that PLV can be considered as a treatment for severe bronchopulmonary pathology, which is superior to respiratory therapy in a number of respects, including the use of PEEP. However, the conducted clinical trials did not allow to proceed to the rapid introduction of the PLV method into clinical practice in adults, children and newborns. The aim of the study is to determine the main prospects for the development and implementation of PLV technology for the treatment of severe bronchopulmonary pathology in adults, children and newborns based on the analysis of literature data. Materials and methods. Foreign scientific publications identified as a result of a search in the scientific electronic libraries PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE from January 01, 1950 to November 01, 2023 based on the following search queries were used as materials: "perfluorocarbon", "perfluorodecalin", "perflubron", "liquid ventilation", "total liquid ventilation" (TLV) and "partial liquid ventilation". The main research method was the generalization and analysis of literature data. Outcomes. In the study the data available in the literature on the physicochemical and biological properties of perfluorocarbons, the mechanisms of action of PLV in the treatment of severe bronchopulmonary pathology in adults, children and newborns, as well as the results of preclinical and clinical studies were analyzed. In the opinion of most researchers, PLV using perfluorocarbons should expand the possibilities of existing respiratory therapies, primarily in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A large number of experimental studies on the therapeutic efficacy of PLV in models of acute lung injury - ARDS have had clearly encouraging results. However, despite the large number of clinical trials, the question of the use of PLV in clinical practice is still open. It is noteworthy that most of the clinical trials conducted (both in adults, newborns and premature infants), during which the possibility of using of PLV in various types of severe bronchopulmonary pathology was studied, either were not completed for one reason or another, or the results obtained did not give an unambiguous answer about the effectiveness and safety of the method. This may be due to the fact that both the technique and quantity of perfluorocarbons, as well as the mechanical ventilation parameters used for PLV, varied significantly between studies. This may indicate that not only the PLV method has not been fully developed to date, but most importantly that the indications and contraindications for its use have not been determined. However, taking into account the results of the studies, as well as the current trends, it is likely that the indications for the use of PLV will be those conditions in which contraindications and possible complications can be neglected. Such conditions may include those in which existing methods of respiratory therapy, including those combined with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), cannot guarantee a positive result. All of the above allows us to say that the continuation of the development of PLV is associated with a number of objective difficulties that will not allow this method to be introduced in clinical practice in the near future. Conclusion. In our opinion, the most reasonable use of PLV is not as an independent method of treatment of severe bronchopulmonary pathology, but as an element of other medical technologies under development based on the use of perfluorocarbons. For example, PLV can be used to initiate TLV. However, the most reasonable use of PLV will be in the TLV completion phase, that is when switching from liquid to gas breathing. Especially considering the fact that the completion of TLV is precisely carried out through the PLV phase, when after mechanical aspiration from the lungs there is still a sufficient amount of PFC fluid remaining, and the patient continues to undergo mechanical ventilation. Accordingly, the most likely scenario for the use of PLV would be the following sequence of respiratory support methods: Mechanical ventilation ⇨ (PLV) ⇨ TLV ⇨ PLV ⇨ Mechanical ventilation ⇨ Spontaneous breathing.


Key words

perfluorocarbon, perfluorodecalin, perflubron, liquid ventilation, partial liquid ventilation, PFC-induced lung growth, bronchopulmonary pathology

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