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Vol. 24, Art. 47 (pp. 640-654)    |    2023       

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Topical issues of occupational diseases associated with exposure to harmful industrial factors of chemical etiology

Tsepkova G.A., Kuzmich V.G., Gaiduk S.V., Pershko V.A., Litvinenko R.I.

S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia

Brief summary

A large number of various chemicals used in various industries can create a certain risk for the development of occupational pathology among workers in the chemical and chemical-pharmaceutical industries, agriculture, mining facilities and other activities. The relevance of the problem of industrial toxicology is associated with the high frequency of acute and chronic poisoning in the Russian Federation (RF), the difficulty in diagnosing occupational acute poisoning and chronic intoxication, and the complexity of treating this pathology. Also relevant are the issues of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of workers employed at industrial enterprises in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, which are also exposed to harmful chemical factors. In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the risks of military personnel being injured by emergency hazardous chemicals, incendiary munitions, incapacitants, carbon monoxide and other combustion products, components of explosive, powder and exhaust gases, rocket and torpedo fuels remain. The list of diseases associated with exposure to chemical harmful production factors is presented in item I of the "List of occupational Diseases approved by Order No. 417n of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated 27.04.2012. Occupational diseases associated with exposure to industrial chemical factors rank fourth among all newly identified occupational diseases in 2021. In the structure of occupational pathology associated with exposure to industrial chemical factors, in 2021 pneumoconiosis ranks first, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ranks second, chronic bronchitis and occupational bronchial asthma rank 3rd and 4th. The number of injured workers due to acute occupational poisoning, as well as the number of deaths as an outcome of acute occupational pathology, in 2021 compared to 2012 increased by 18.1 times or by 692 cases, respectively. The main chemicals that caused group poisoning in 2021 were hydrogen sulfide and chlorine.


Key words

industrial toxicology; chemical harmful production factors; occupational intoxications; occupational pathology structure; fatal cases; group poisonings

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