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Vol. 24, Art. 3 (pp. 28-43)    |    2023       

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Pharmacological means of early nonspecific correction in the medical support system in emergency situations with hazardous chemicals

Nesteruk A.V., Shalimov P.M.

Federal State Unitary Enterprise «Scientific Center «Signal»

Brief summary

The clinical picture of poisoning with hazardous chemicals of various types is characterized both by specific changes directly related to the mechanisms of their direct toxic effect, but also by developing secondary nonspecific pathogenetic processes, primarily hypoxia and oxidative stress. These nonspecific processes can play a significant role in poisoning already at early stages, especially in severe cases, which determines the need to develop fundamentally new means of medical protection in conditions of possible accidents at chemical industry facilities. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the choice of a complex of pharmacological preparations promising for the creation of means of early nonspecific pathogenetic therapy for poisoning with hazardous chemicals. In the course of the work, the analysis and generalization of modern research data was carried out, as well as the theoretical synthesis of a complex multifactorial approach to solving the scientific problem of medical protection. The rationale for the choice of a complex of pharmacological drugs is based on the relationship of hypoxia, oxidative stress and nonspecific mechanisms of cytotoxicity, the central elements of which are energy supply disorders, free radical processes and the state of the antioxidant system. A comprehensive approach to the creation of non-specific pharmacological correction means based on optimization of the main and compensatory pathways of energy supply, maintenance of the endogenous antioxidant system in an optimal state, restriction of the formation of reactive oxygen species and other pro-oxidants, as well as their inactivation is substantiated. It is shown that it is necessary to ensure high penetration of pharmacological agents through cell membranes into mitochondria, which are important in the development of nonspecific reactions and oxidative stress. For further biomedical research, the choice of a complex of four pharmacological drugs with a wide spectrum of antioxidant and antihypoxic effects - melatonin, mexidol, hypoxene and alpha-lipoic acid - is justified.


Key words

nonspecific mechanisms; energy supply; free radicals; antioxidants; antihypoxants; early pathogenetic therapy

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