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Vol. 24, Art. 29 (pp. 391-405)    |    2023       

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Drug use monitoring based on wastewater analysis (Review)

Melnik E.V.1, Petukhov A.E.1,2, Klochko M.V.1, Belova M.V.1,3, Smirnov A.V.2

1I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
2Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Narcology of the Moscow Department of Health, 109390, Moscow, Russia
3N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Department of Health, 129090, Moscow, Russia

Brief summary

An epidemiological study based on laboratory analysis of wastewater is a promising methodological approach to assess the level of psychoactive substance consumption in the population in different regions of the world, as well as to study people lifestyle and their habits. Based on information from electronic databases, using the search engines Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, eLibrary, etc., an analytical review on the experience of using wastewater analysis to monitor the consumption of illicit substances in various countries of Europe, Asia and America was carried out. The features of such studies and the limitations associated with the properties of specific analytes, the methods used, and the final interpretation of the results of these studies are presented. The prospects for introducing wastewater analysis to monitor the toxicological situation in different regions of the world, including its use in domestic practice, are assessed. The possibilities of using such technologies for psychoactive substance monitoring in small communities have been identified. Modern analytical techniques used for this purpose, primarily high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometric detection, are characterized. A conclusion is made on the prospects of conducting wastewater analysis, which will allow not only to monitor the total consumption of prohibited compounds, but also to record the emergence of new psychoactive substances, as well as the need for further improvement of preanalytical and analytical procedures aimed at detecting and evaluating psychoactive substance content in wastewater.


Key words

wastewater-based epidemiology; wastewater; psychoactive substances; monitoring of psychoactive substance intake; LC-MS; SPE; review

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