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Vol. 22, Art. 27 (pp. 389-403)    |    2021       

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To the issue of participation of excitatory mediator systems in providing the processes of memory formation and reproduction

Konovalov A.V., Chepur S.V., Yudin M.A., Nikiforov A.S., Ivanov I.M., Kolesnikov A.M., Yakovlev O.A.

Federal State Budgetary Institution "State Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Brief summary

The review considers structural and localizing features of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors, as well as AMPA and NMDA receptors of excitatory amino acids involved in the formation and reproduction of engrams. In various experimental models a positive correlation was noted between the level of acetylcholine and the ability to learn and memory. Summarized data on the intracellular mechanism underlying memory impairment under the influence of M-anticholinergics with the involvement of slow calcium-dependent potassium channels of pyramidal cells of the hippocampus are presented. Antagonists of glutamate receptors disrupt the storage of information, which indicates the key role of glutamate AMPA and NMDA receptors in the processes of long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity. Excessive activation of these receptors by drugs, including through the excitation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors containing α4/β2 subunits, according to the principle of positive feedback, also does not lead to the memory improvement due to the entry of excess calcium ions into the pyramidal cells and the development of excitotoxicity. The possibility of memory enhancement by racetams (piracetam and its analogs), which are allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors devoid of excitotoxicity, has been shown.


Key words

acetylcholine, glutamate, memory, synaptic plasticity, excitotoxicity, racetams, mediator systems.

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