Ammonium succinate as an alternative to antioxidants?
E.I. Maevsky, M.L.Uchitel, E.V. Grishina
Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAN, Pushchino
Brief summary
A "Metabolic" alternative to excessive use of antioxidants, which are overused to slow down the aging process as well as to mitigate injury-related, pathological aberrations, has been hypothesized. Analysis was performed based on the evaluation of healthy energy metabolism, when free radical formation in mitochondria is decreased by avoiding overeating and regularly performing physical activity. While hyper production of free radicals at the mitochondrial level is determined by single-electron leak of reducing equivalents to oxygen mainly through excessive reduction of the outer most oxygen part of the respiratory chain, the use of natural metabolite, ammonium succinate, which acts by precluding mitochondrial hyper energization as well as NAD(P)H hyper reduction, might promote a favorable antioxidant effect. Exogenous ammonium succinate prevents hyper energization of mitochondria as well as an excessive reduction of NAD(P)H, thereby either decreasing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or quickly pulling mitochondria out of the ROS-formation risk zone. At the whole body level ammonium succinate administration may significantly reduce the need of exogenous antioxidants and may also activate a post-stress restoration mechanism. The composition itself is converted completely through metabolic pathways.
Key words
antioxidants, energy metabolism, mitochondria, reactive oxygen species, ammonium succinate.
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