Ìåäèêî-áèîëîãè÷åñêèé
èíôîðìàöèîííûé ïîðòàë
äëÿ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ
 
Medline.ru

ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÆÓÐÍÀËÀ:
Ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêàÿ áèîëîãèÿ

Êëèíè÷åñêàÿ ìåäèöèíà

Ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêàÿ ìåäèöèíà

Ìåäèêî-áèîëîãè÷åñêèå íàóêè


ÀÐÕÈÂ:

Ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ

Îðãàíèçàöèÿ çäðàâîõðàíèåíèÿ

Èñòîðèÿ ìåäèöèíû è áèîëîãèè



Ïîñëåäíèå ïóáëèêàöèè

Ïîèñê ïóáëèêàöèé

Articles

Àðõèâ :  2000 ã.  2001 ã.  2002 ã. 
               2003 ã.  2004 ã.  2005 ã. 
               2006 ã.  2007 ã.  2008 ã. 
               2009 ã.  2010 ã.  2011 ã. 
               2012 ã.  2013 ã.  2014 ã. 
               2015 ã.  2016 ã.  2017 ã. 
               2018 ã.  2019 ã.  2020 ã.  2021 ã.  2022 ã.  2023 ã. 

Ðåäàêöèîííàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ:
        Îïóáëèêîâàòü ñòàòüþ
        Íàøà ñòàòèñòèêà


 ÐÅÄÀÊÖÈß:
Ãëàâíûé ðåäàêòîð

Çàìåñòèòåëè ãëàâíîãî ðåäàêòîðà

×ëåíû ðåäêîëëåãèè
Ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûå ðåäêîëëåãèè


 Ó×ÐÅÄÈÒÅËÈ:
Èíñòèòóò òåîðåòè÷åñêîé è ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé áèîôèçèêè Ðîññèéñêîé àêàäåìèè íàóê.

ÎÎÎ "ÈÖ ÊÎÌÊÎÍ".




Àäðåñ ðåäàêöèè è ðåêâèçèòû

199406, Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã, óë.Ãàâàíñêàÿ, ä. 49, êîðï.2

ISSN 1999-6314

Ðîññèéñêàÿ ïîèñêîâàÿ ñèñòåìà
Èñêàòü: 


«
Vol. 11, Art. 47 (pp. 554-574)    |    2010       

¹ ãîñ. ðåãèñòðàöèè: 0421000002047
»

Immunogenetics factors of HCV infection
A.O. Romanov, T.V. Belyaeva

St. Petersburg State Medical University. Acad. I.P. Pavlova



Brief summary

Hepatitis C virus has a high propensity to persist and to cause chronic hepatitis with an increased risk for progression towards cirrhosis. The host immune response plays a unique role in HCV infection because of its potential to contribute not only to viral clearance but also to liver injury. This review discusses non-HLA immunogenetics features of HCV infection to illustrate how host’s immune system interact with viral components.


Key words

hepatitis C; cirrhosis; immunogenetics, CTLA-4, MBL.





(The article in PDF format. For preview need Adobe Acrobat Reader)



Open article in new window

Reference list

1. Abrams J.R., Kelley S.L., Hayes E. et al. Blockade of T lymphocyte costimulation with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4-immunoglobulin (CTLA4Ig) reverses the cellular pathology of psoriatic plaques, including the activation of keratinocytes, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells // J. Exp. Med. – 2000. – Vol. 192, ¹5. – R. 681 – 694.


2. Alter H.J., Seeff L.B. Recovery, persistence, and sequelae in hepatitis C virus infection: a perspective on long-term outcome // Semin Liver Dis. – 2000. – Vol. 20, ¹1. – P. 17 – 35.


3. Alves Pedroso M.L., Boldt A.B., Pereira-Ferrari L, et al. Mannan-binding lectin MBL2 gene polymorphism in chronic hepatitis C: association with the severity of liver fibrosis and response to interferon therapy // Clin. Exp. Immunol. – 2008. – Vol. 152, ¹2. – R. 258 – 264.


4. Bisbal C., Silverman R.H. Diverse functions of RNase L and implications in


pathology // Biochimie. – 2007. – Vol. 89, ¹ 6-7. – R. 789 – 798.


5. Bour-Jordan H., Bluestone J.A. Regulating the regulators: costimulatory signals


control the homeostasis and function of regulatory T cells // Immunol. Rev. – 2009. Vol. 229,


¹1. – R. 41 – 66.


6. Brown E.E., Zhang M., Zarin-Pass R., et al. MBL2 and hepatitis C virus infection


among injection drug users // BMC Infect. Dis. – 2008. – Vol. 1, ¹8. – R. 57.


7. Brown K.S., Ryder S.D., Irving W.L., et al. Mannan binding lectin and viral


hepatitis // Immunol. Lett. – 2007. – Vol. 108, ¹1. – P. 34 – 44.


8. Carreno B.M., Bennett F., Chau T.A. et al. CTLA-4 (CD152) can inhibit T cell


activation by two different mechanisms depending on its level of cell surfaceexpression // J.


Immunol. – 2000. – Vol. 165, ¹3. – P. 1352 – 1356.


9. Casey G., Neville P.J., Plummer S.J. et al. RNASEL Arg462Gln variant is


implicated in up to 13% of prostate cancer cases // Nat. Genet. – 2002. – Vol. 32, ¹4. – R. 581 – 583.


10. Cedzynski M., Szemraj J., Swierzko A.S. et al. Mannan-binding lectin insufficiency


in children with recurrent infections of the respiratory system // Clin. Exp. Immunol. – 2004. –


Vol. 136, ¹2. – R. 304 – 311.


11. Chambers C.A., Sullivan T.J., Allison J.P. Lymphoproliferation in CTLA-4-


deficient mice is mediated by costimulation-dependent activation of CD4+ T cells // Immunity. –


1997. – Vol. 7, ¹6. – R. 885 – 895.


12. Chaplin D.D. Overview of the immune response // J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. – 2010. – Vol. 125, ¹2, Suppl. 2. – R. 3 – 23.


13. Cho M.L., Kim J.Y., Ko H.J. et al. The MCP-1 promoter -2518 polymorphism in


Behcet's disease: correlation between allele types, MCP-1 production and clinical symptoms


among Korean patients // Autoimmunity. – 2004. – Vol. 37, ¹1. – R. 77 – 80.


14. Collins M., Ling V., Carreno B.M. The B7 family of immune-regulatory ligands //


Genome. Biol. – 2005 – Vol. 6, ¹6. – R. 223.


15. Crawford A., Wherry E.J. The diversity of costimulatory and inhibitory receptor


pathways and the regulation of antiviral T cell responses // Curr. Opin. Immunol. – 2009. –


Vol. 21, ¹2. – R. 179 – 186.


16. Dariavach P., Mattei M.G., Golstein P., Lefranc MP. Human Ig superfamily CTLA-


4 gene: chromosomal localization and identity of protein sequence between murine and human


CTLA-4 cytoplasmic domains // Eur. J. Immunol. – 1988. – Vol. 18, ¹12. – R. 1901 – 1905.


17. Deshmane S.L., Kremlev S., Amini S., Sawaya B.E. Monocyte chemoattractant


protein-1 (MCP-1): an overview // J. Interferon Cytokine Res. – 2009. – Vol. 29, ¹6. – R. 313 – 326.


18. Dobaczewski M., Frangogiannis N.G. Chemokines and cardiac fibrosis // Front.


Biosci. – 2009. – Vol. 1, ¹1. – R. 391 – 405.


19. Donner H., Seidl C., Braun J. et al. CTLA4 gene haplotypes cannot protect from


IDDM in the presence of high-risk HLA DQ8 or DQ2 alleles in German families // Diabetes. –


1998. – Vol. 47, ¹7. – R. 1158 – 1160.


20. Dore G.J., Freeman A.J., Law M., Kaldor J.M. Is severe liver disease a common


outcome for people with chronic hepatitis C? // J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. – 2002. – Vol. 17, ¹4. – R. 423 – 430.


21. Dumestre-Perard C., Ponard D., Arlaud G.J. et al. Evaluation and clinical interest of


mannan binding lectin function in human plasma // Mol. Immunol. – 2002. – Vol. 39, ¹ 7-8. – R. 465 – 473.


22. Dunkelberger J.R., Song W.C. Complement and its role in innate and adaptive


immune responses // Cel.l Res. – 2010. - – Vol. 20, ¹ 1. – R. 34 – 50.


23. Dunning A.M., Ellis P.D., McBride S. A transforming growth factorbeta1 signal


peptide variant increases secretion in vitro and is associated with increased incidence of invasive


breast cancer // Cancer Res. – 2003. – Vol. 63, ¹ 10 – R. 2610 – 2615


24. Finzer P., Soto U., Delius H. et al. Differential transcriptional regulation of the


monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic HPV 18 positive cells: the role of the chromatin structure and AP-1 composition // Oncogene – 2000. – Vol. 19, ¹ 29. – R. 3235 – 3244.


25. Friedman S.L. Liver fibrosis - from bench to bedside // J. Hepatol. – 2003. – Vol. 38, Suppl 1. – P. 38 – 53.


26. Garred P., Madsen H.O. Genetic Susceptibility to Sepsis: A Possible Role for


Mannose-binding Lectin // Curr. Infect Dis. Rep. – 2004 – Vol. 6, ¹ 5. – R. 367 – 373.


27. Garred P., Pressler T., Lanng S. et al. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) therapy in an


MBL-deficient patient with severe cystic fibrosis lung disease // Pediatr. Pulmonol. – 2002. –


Vol. 33, ¹ 3. – R. 201 -207.


28. Gewaltig J., Mangasser-Stephan K., Gartung C. et al. Association of


polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene with the rate of progression of


HCV-induced liver fibrosis // Clin. Chim. Acta. – 2002. – Vol. 316, ¹ 1-2. – R. 83 – 94.


29. Glas J., Torok H.P., Tonenchi L. et al. The -2518 promotor polymorphism in the


MCP-1 gene is not associated with liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection //


Gastroenterology. – 2004. – Vol. 126, ¹ 7. – R. 1930 – 1931.


30. Gleizes P.E., Munger J.S., Nunes I. et al. TGF-beta latency: biological significance


and mechanisms of activation // Stem. Cells. – 1997. – Vol. 15, ¹ 3. – R. 190 – 197.


31. Hardie W.D., Le Cras T.D., Jiang K. et al. Conditional expression of transforming


growth factor-alpha in adult mouse lung causes pulmonary fibrosis // Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell.


Mol. Physiol. – 2004. – Vol. 286, ¹ 4. – R. 741 – 749.


32. Hart M.L., Saifuddin M., Spear G.T. Glycosylation inhibitors and neuraminidase


enhance human immunodeficiency virus type 1 binding and neutralization by mannose-binding


lectin // J. Gen. Virol. – 2003. – Vol. 84, ¹ 2. – R. 353 – 360.


33. Kilpatrick D.C., Delahooke T.E., Koch C., Turner M.L., Hayes P.C. Mannanbinding


lectin and hepatitis C infection // Clin. Exp. Immunol. – 2003. – Vol. 132, ¹ 1 – R. 92 – 95.


34. Hodi F.S. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 // Clin. Cancer Res. –


2007. – Vol. 13, ¹ 18, Suppel. 1. – R. 5238 – 5242.


35. Hokeness K.L., Kuziel W.A., Biron C.A., Salazar-Mather T.P. Monocyte


chemoattractant protein-1 and CCR2 interactions are required for IFN-alpha/beta-induced


inflammatory responses and antiviral defense in liver // J. Immunol. – 2005. – Vol. 174, ¹ 3. – R. 1549 – 1556.


36. Ip W.K., Lau Y.L. Role of mannose-binding lectin in the innate defense against


Candida albicans: enhancement of complement activation, but lack of opsonic function, in


phagocytosis by human dendritic cells // J. Infect. Dis. – 2004. – Vol. 190, ¹ 3. – R. 632 – 640.


37. Karrer S., Bosserhoff A.K., Weiderer P. et al. The -2518 promotor polymorphism in


the MCP-1 gene is associated with systemic sclerosis // J. Invest. Dermatol. – 2005. – Vol. 124,


¹ 1. – R. 92 – 98.


38. Kelly P., Jack D.L., Naeem A. et al. Mannose-binding lectin is a component of


innate mucosal defense against Cryptosporidium parvum in AIDS // Gastroenterology. – 2000. –


Vol. 119, ¹ 5. – R. 1236 – 1242.


39. Kinnman N., Andersson U., Hultcrantz R. In situ expression of transforming growth


factor-beta1-3, latent transforming growth factor-beta binding protein and tumor necrosis factoralpha


in liver tissue from patients with chronic hepatitis C // Scand. J. Gastroenterol. – 2000. –


Vol. 35, ¹ 12. – R. 1294 – 1300.


40. Kouki T., Gardine C.A., Yanagawa T., Degroot L.J. Relation of three


polymorphisms of the CTLA-4 gene in patients with Graves’disease // J. Endocrinol. Invest. –


2002. – Vol. 25, ¹ 3. – R. 208 – 213.


41. Koutsounaki E., Goulielmos G.N., Koulentaki M., et al. Mannose-binding lectin


MBL2 gene polymorphisms and outcome of hepatitis C virus-infected patients // J. Clin.


Immunol. – 2008. – Vol. 28, ¹ 5. – R. 495 – 500.


42. Larsen F., Madsen H.O., Sim R.B. et al. Disease-associated mutations in human


mannose-binding lectin compromise oligomerization and activity of the final protein // J. Biol.


Chem. – 2004. – Vol. 14, ¹ 20. – R. 21302 – 21311.


43. Le Roy F., Silhol M., Salehzada T., Bisbal C. Regulation of mitochondrial mRNA


stability by RNase L is translation-dependent and controls IFNalpha-induced apoptosis // Cell.


Death Differ. – 2007. – Vol. 14, ¹ 8. – R. 1406 – 1413.


44. Letendre S., Marquie-Beck J., Singh K.K. et al. The monocyte chemotactic


protein-1 -2578G allele is associated with elevated MCP-1 concentrations in cerebrospinal


fluid // J. Neuroimmunol. – 2004. – Vol. 157, ¹ (1-2). – R. 193 – 196.


45. Ligers A., Teleshova N., Masterman T. et al. CTLA-4 gene expression is influenced


by promoter and exon 1 polymorphisms // Genes Immun. – 2001. – Vol. 2, ¹ 3. – R. 145 – 152.


46. Luster AD. Chemokines - chemotactic cytokines that mediate inflammation // N.


Engl. J. Med. – 1998. – Vol. 338, ¹ 7. – R. 436 – 445.


47. Markiewski M.M., Lambris J.D. The role of complement in inflammatory diseases


from behind the scenes into the spotlight // Am. J. Pathol. – 2007. – Vol. 171, ¹ 3. – R. 715 – 727.


48. Martin P., Lerner A., Johnson L. et al. Inherited mannose-binding lectin deficiency


as evidenced by genetic and immunologic analyses: association with severe recurrent


infections // Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. – 2003. – Vol. 91, ¹ 4. – R. 386 – 392.


49. Matsushita M., Hijikata M., Ohta Y. et al. Hepatitis C virus infection and mutations


of mannose-binding lectin gene MBL // Arch. Virol. – 1998. – Vol. 143, ¹ 4. – R. 645 – 651.


50. Matsushita M., Hijikata M., Matsushita M. et al. Association of mannose-binding


lectin gene haplotype LXPA and LYPB with interferon-resistant hepatitis C virus infection in


Japanese patients // J. Hepatol. – 1998. – Vol. 29, ¹ 5. – R. 695 – 700


51. Maurer M., Loserth S., Kolb-Maurer A. et al. A polymorphism in the human


cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene (exon 1+49) alters T-cell activation //


Immunogenetics. – 2002. – Vol. 54, ¹ 1. – R. 1 – 8


52. Muhlbauer M., Bosserhoff A.K., Hartmann A. et al. A novel MCP-1 gene


polymorphism is associated with hepatic MCP-1 expression and severity of HCV-related liver


disease // Gastroenterology. – 2003. – Vol. 125, ¹4. – R. 1085 – 1093.


53. Nahon P, Sutton A., Rufat P., et al. Chemokine system polymorphisms, survival


and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence in patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis //


World J. Gastroenterol. – 2008. – Vol. 14, ¹ 5. – R. 713 – 719.


54. Najafian N., Sayegh M.H. CTLA4-Ig: a novel immunosuppressive agent // Expert.


Opin. Investig. Drugs. – 2000. – Vol. 9, ¹ 9. – R. 2147 – 2157.


55. NIH Consensus Statement on Management of Hepatitis C: 2002 NIH Consensus


and State-of-the-Science Statements. – 2002, – Vol. 19, ¹3, – R.30.


56. Oaks M.K., Hallett K.M., Penwell R.T. et al. A native soluble form of CTLA-4 //


Cell Immunol. – 2000. – Vol. 201, ¹ 2. – R. 144 – 153.


57. Ostrov D.A., Shi W., Schwartz J.C. et al. Structure of murine CTLA-4 and its role


in modulating T cell responsiveness // Science. – 2000. – Vol. 290, ¹ 5492. – R. 816 – 819.


58. Pangburn M.K., Ferreira V.P., Cortes C. Discrimination between host and


pathogens by the complement system // Vaccine. – 2008. Vol. 26, Suppl 8. – P. 15 – 21.


59. Park Y.J., Chung H.K., Park D.J. et al. Polymorphism in the promoter and exon 1 of


thecytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 gene associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in Koreans // Thyroid. – 2000. – Vol. 10, ¹ 6. – R. 453 – 459.


60. Patel K., Muir A.J., McHutchison J.G. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis


C infection // BMJ. – 2006. – Vol. 332, ¹ 7548. – R. 1013 – 1017.


61. Peterslund N.A., Koch C., Jensenius J.C., Thiel S. Association between deficiency


of mannose-binding lectin and severe infections after chemotherapy // Lancet. – 2001. –


Vol. 358, ¹ 9282. – R. 637 – 638.


62. Petri B., Phillipson M., Kubes P. The physiology of leukocyte recruitment: an in


vivo perspective // J. Immunol. – 2008. – Vol. 180, ¹ 10. – R. 6439 – 6446.


63. Powell E.E., Edwards-Smith C.J., Hay J.L., Host genetic factors influence disease


progression in chronic hepatitis C // Hepatology. – 2000. – Vol. 31, ¹ 4. – R. 828 – 833


64. Poynard T., Ratziu V., Benmanov Y., Fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C:


detection and significance // Semin. Liver Dis. – 2000. – Vol. 20, ¹ 1. – R. 47 – 55.


65. Randall R.E., Goodbourn S. Interferons and viruses: an interplay between


induction, signalling, antiviral responses and virus countermeasures // J. Gen. Virol. – 2008. – Vol. 89, ¹ 1. – R. 1 – 47.


66. Ray S., Broor S.L., Vaishnav Y. et al. Transforming growth factor beta in hepatitis


C virus infection: in vivo and in vitro findings // J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. – 2003. – Vol. 18, ¹ 4. – R. 393 – 403.


67. Rovin B.H., Lu L., Saxena R. A novel polymorphism in the MCP-1 gene regulatory


region that influences MCP-1 expression // Biochem. Bioph. Res. Com. – 1999. – Vol. 259. – R. 344 – 348.


68. Roy S., Knox K., Segal S. et al. MBL genotype and risk of invasive pneumococcal


disease: a case-control study // Lancet. – 2002. – Vol. 359, ¹ 9317. – R. 1569 – 1573.


69. Rudd C.E., Taylor A., Schneider H. CD28 and CTLA-4 coreceptor expression and


signal transduction // Immunol. Rev. – 2009. – Vol. 229, ¹ 1. – R. 12 – 26.


70. Sadler A.J., Williams B.R. Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors // Nat. Rev.


Immunol. – 2008. – Vol. 8, ¹ 7. – R. 559 – 568.


71. Sasaki K., Tsutsumi A., Wakamiya N. et al. Mannose-binding lectin


polymorphisms in patients with hepatitis C virus infection // Scand. J. Gastroenterol. – 2000. –


Vol. 35, ¹ 9. – R. 960 – 965.


72. Segat L., Silva Vasconcelos L.R., et al. Association of polymorphisms in the first


exon of mannose binding lectin gene (MBL2) in Brazilian patients with HCV infection // Clin. Immunol. – 2007. – Vol. 124, ¹ 1. – R. 13 – 17.


73. Seki E., de Minicis S., Inokuchi S., Taura K., Miyai K., van Rooijen N., Schwabe


R.F., Brenner D.A. CCR2 promotes hepatic fibrosis in mice // Hepatology. – 2009. – Vol. 50,


¹ 1. – R. 185 – 197.


74. Si Y., Tsou C.L., Croft K., Charo I.F. CCR2 mediates hematopoietic stem and


progenitor cell trafficking to sites of inflammation in mice // J. Clin. Invest. – 2010. – Vol. 120,


¹ 4. – R. 1192 – 1203.


75. Silverman R.H. A scientific journey through the 2-5A/RNase L system // Cytokine


Growth. Factor Rev. – 2007. – Vol. 18, ¹ 5-6. – R. 381 – 388.


76. Silverman R.H. Viral encounters with 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and RNase L


during the interferon antiviral response // J. Virol. – 2007. – Vol. 81, ¹ 23. – R. 12720 – 12729.


77. Soo H.M., Garzino-Demo A., Hong W. et al. Expression of a full-length hepatitis C


virus cDNA up-regulates the expression of CC chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES // Virology. –


2002. – Vol. 303, ¹ 2. – R. 253 – 277.


78. Sumiya M., Super M., Tabona P. et al. Molecular basis of opsonic defect in


immunodeficient children // Lancet. – 1991. – Vol. 337, ¹ 8757. – R. 1569 – 1570.


79. Summerfield J.A., Ryder S., Sumiya M. et al. Mannose binding protein gene


mutations associated with unusual and severe infections in adults // Lancet. – 1995. – Vol. 345,


¹ 8954. – R. 886 – 889.


80. Summerfield J.A., Sumiya M., Levin M., Turner M.W. Association of mutations in


mannose binding protein gene with childhood infection in consecutive hospital series // BMJ. –


1997. – Vol. 314, ¹ 7089. – R. 1229 – 1232.


81. Tag C.G., Mengsteab S., Hellerbrand C. et al. Analysis of the transforming growth


factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) codon 25 gene polymorphism by LightCycler-analysis in patients with


chronic hepatitis C infection // Cytokine. – 2003. – Vol. 24, ¹ 5. – R. 173 – 181.


82. Taylor A.W. Review of the activation of TGF-beta in immunity // J. Leukoc. Biol. –


2009. – Vol. 85, ¹ 1. – R. 29 – 33.


83. Terai I., Kobayashi K., Matsushita M. et al. Relationship between gene


polymorphisms of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and two molecular forms of MBL // Eur. J.


Immunol. – 2003. – Vol. 33, ¹ 10. – R. 2755 – 2763.


84. Thompson C.B., Allison J.P. The emerging role of CTLA-4 as an immune


attenuator // Immunity. – 1997. – Vol. 7, ¹ 4. – R. 445 – 450.


85. Vaidya B., Oakes E.J., Imrie H. et al. CTLA4 gene and Graves' disease: association


of Graves' disease with the CTLA4 exon 1 and intron 1 polymorphisms, but not with the


promoter polymorphism // Clin. Endocrinol. – 2003. – Vol. 58, ¹ 6. – R. 732 – 735.


86. Valdimarsson H., Stefansson M., Vikingsdottir T. et al. Reconstitution of


opsonizing activity by infusion of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) to MBL-deficient humans //


Scand. J. Immunol. – 1998. – Vol. 48, ¹ 2. – R. 116 – 123.


87. Valdimarsson H., Vikingsdottir T., Bang P. et al. Human plasma-derived mannosebinding


lectin: a phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study // Scand. J. Immunol. – 2004. –


Vol. 59, ¹ 1. – R. 97 – 102.


88. Valdimarsson H. Infusion of plasma-derived mannan-binding lectin (MBL) into


MBL-deficient humans // Biochem. Soc. Trans. – 2003. – Vol. 31, ¹ 4. – R. 768 – 769.


89. van de Wetering J.K., van Golde L.M., Batenburg J.J. Collectins: players of the


innate immune system // Eur. J. Biochem. – 2004. – Vol. 271, ¹ 7. – R. 1229 – 1249.


90. Van Parijs L., Abbas A.K. Homeostasis and self-tolerance in the immune system:


turning lymphocytes off // Science. – 1998. – Vol. 280, ¹ 5361. – R. 243 – 248.


91. Verrecchia F., Mauviel A. Transforming growth factor-beta and fibrosis // World J.


Gastroenterol. – 2007. – Vol. 13, ¹ 22. – R. 3056 – 3062.


92. Vidigal P.G., Germer J.J., Zein N.N. Polymorphisms in the interleukin-10, tumor


necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta1 genes in chronic hepatitis C patients


treated with interferon and ribavirin // J. Hepatol. – 2002. – Vol. 36, ¹ 2. – R. 271 – 277.


93. Wang H., Mengsteab S., Tag C.G. et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 gene


polymorphisms are associated with progression of liver fibrosis in Caucasians with chronic


hepatitis C infection // World J G.astroenterol. – 2005. – Vol. 11, ¹ 13. – R. 1929 – 1936.


94. Wang S., Chen L. T lymphocyte co-signaling pathways of the B7-CD28 family //


Cell. Mol. Immunol. – 2004. – Vol. 1, ¹ 1. – R. 37 – 42.


95. Washenberger C.L., Han J.Q., Kechris K.J., Jha B.K., Silverman R.H., Barton D.J.


Hepatitis C virus RNA: dinucleotide frequencies and cleavage by RNase L // Virus Res. – 2007. – Vol. 130, ¹ 1–2. – R. 85 – 95.


96. Wynn T.A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis // J. Pathol. – 2008.


– Vol. 214, ¹ 2. – R. 199 – 210.


97. Xiang Y., Wang Z., Murakami J. et al. Effects of RNase L mutations associated


with prostate cancer on apoptosis induced by 2',5'-oligoadenylates // Cancer Res. – 2003. – Vol. 63, ¹ 20. – R. 6795 – 67801.


98. Yee L.J., Perez K.A., Tang J. et al. Association of CTLA4 polymorphisms with


sustained response to interferon and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection // J.


Infect. Dis. – 2003. – Vol. 187, ¹ 8. – R. 1264 – 1271.


99. Yokota M., Ichihara S., Lin T.L. et al. Association of a T29-->C polymorphism of


the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene with genetic susceptibility to myocardial infarction in


Japanese // Circulation. – 2000. – Vol. 101, ¹ 24. – R. 2783 – 2787



Ñâèäåòåëüñòâî î ðåãèñòðàöèè ñåòåâîãî ýëåêòðîííîãî íàó÷íîãî èçäàíèÿ N 077 îò 29.11.2006
Æóðíàë îñíîâàí 16 íîÿáðÿ 2000ã.
Âûäàíî Ìèíèñòåðñòâîì ÐÔ ïî äåëàì ïå÷àòè, òåëåðàäèîâåùàíèÿ è ñðåäñòâ ìàññîâûõ êîììóíèêàöèé
(c) Ïåðåïå÷àòêà ìàòåðèàëîâ ñàéòà Medline.Ru âîçìîæíà òîëüêî ñ ïèñüìåííîãî ðàçðåøåíèÿ ðåäàêöèè

Ðàçìåùåíèå ðåêëàìû

Rambler's Top100